Stacking penalty mod for Nth module or rig= 0.5 ^ [ ((N-1) / 2.22292)^2 ] (number is rounded) 1st: 100% 2nd: 86.9% 3rd: 57.1% 4th: 28.3% 5th: 10.6% note: modules with highest bonuses are calculated first.
Align time (seconds) = [mass(kg) / 1mil] x inertia x 1.386
Lock time (seconds) = [40000/ScanRes] / [asinh(SigRadius) ^2]
Skill training rate = Primary attrib. + [0.5x Secondary attrib.] SP per minute
hardener calculation: newres = res+[(1-res)*(hardener*stackpen)] where newres is your current resistance after fitting the hardener, res is what you had before, hardener is the hardeners resist bonus, and stackpen is stacking penalty factor